[{"name":"tarfala-monthly-temperature-1","title":"Monthly mean air temperatures from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden","summary":"This dataset contains monthly mean air temperatures from Tarfala Research Station, acquired since 1965 and updated annually.\r\n\r\nTarfala Research Station (TRS), located at 1135 m a.s.l. in the Tarfala Valley, Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden, is Stockholm University\u2019s centre for glaciological and alpine research. Here, meteorological observations have been carried out regularly since the first glaciological field campaign to the Tarfala Valley in May 1946, already before TRS was inaugurated in 1961. These data provide important climatological information in itself and also give context for a wide range of other climate system components in the Tarfala Valley, such as glaciers, streams, permafrost, etc., and their dynamic change over time.\r\n\r\nUp until 1965, air temperature measurements were made manually, and only during the summer season. Thus, for the years 1946\u200a\u2013\u200a1964, monthly mean air temperatures are reported only for June, July and August. From 1965 to 1987, automated data collection was carried out during all months of the year. In 1987 the first digital logger based automatic weather station (AWS) was established and operated until 2013 when it was replaced by a more modern equivalent (referred to as TRS-AWS). The dataset presented here is compiled from some previously published separate datasets containing data until 2022, updated with data from 2023, and combined into a single record.","citations":"Grudd, H., & Schneider, T. (1996). Air temperature at tarfala research station 1946-1995. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 78(2\/3), 115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/520973\r\n\r\nJonsell, U., Hock, R., & Duguay, M. (2013). Recent air and ground temperature increases at Tarfala Research Station, Sweden. Polar Research, 32(1), 19807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/polar.v32i0.19807\r\n\r\nTarfala Research Station staff (2012) Data from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden. Dataset version 1. Bolin Centre Database. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17043\/tarfala-1\r\n\r\nTarfala Research Station (2021) Meteorological data from Tarfala Research Station, 2015-01-01\u20132021-03-31. SITES Data Portal. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11676.1\/RjPJiNY2PM5BteTUhS1QFH1g\r\n\r\nNina Kirchner, Jamie Barnett, and TRS staff (2023) Monthly mean air temperatures from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, 1965\u200a\u2013\u200a2022. Dataset version 1. Bolin Centre Database. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17043\/tarfala-kirchner-2023-monthly-temperature-1\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","comments":"##### Dataset compilation\r\nThe dataset is an extension in time of the dataset [Monthly mean air temperatures from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, 1965\u200a\u2013\u200a2022](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala-kirchner-2023-monthly-temperature-1). The above mentioned dataset was compiled from the following public data sources:\r\n\r\n- Monthly mean data for June, July, August 1946\u200a\u2013\u200a1964\r\n - Data from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden (version 1), [Tarfala Data \u2014 Climate](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala\/climate.php), [Monthly mean air temperature at Tarfala 1946\u20132012](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala\/data\/climate\/tarfala_monthly_mean_temperature.csv).\r\n\r\n- Monthly mean data 1965\u200a\u2013\u200a2012\r\n - Data from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden (version 1), [Tarfala Data \u2014 Climate](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala\/climate.php), [Monthly mean air temperature at Tarfala 1946\u20132012](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala\/data\/climate\/tarfala_monthly_mean_temperature.csv).\r\n\r\n- Daily mean data for 2013\r\n - Data from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden (version 1), [Tarfala Data \u2014 Climate](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala\/climate.php), [Temperature data for 2013](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala\/data\/climate\/2013\/TRS_met_2013_Temperature.csv).\r\n\r\n- Daily mean data for 2014\r\n -  Air temperatures at Tarfala Research Station acquired by a HC2S3 temperature and relative humidity sensor manufactured by Rotronic as part of the TRS-AWS instrumentation.\r\n\r\n- Daily mean data for 2015\u200a\u2013\u200a2020\r\n - Meteorological data from Tarfala Research Station, 2015-01-01\u20132021-03-31. [SITES Data Portal](https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11676.1\/RjPJiNY2PM5BteTUhS1QFH1g)\r\n\r\n- Daily mean data for 2021\u200a\u2013\u200a2022\r\n -  Air temperatures at Tarfala Research Station acquired by a HC2S3 temperature and relative humidity sensor manufactured by Rotronic as part of the TRS-AWS instrumentation.\r\n\r\nData from 2023 onward are appended here. They were collected in the same way as mentioned above for 2021\u200a\u2013\u200a2022.\r\n\r\n##### Instrumentation\r\nSince 2013, air temperatures at Tarfala Research Station are acquired by a HC2S3 temperature and relative humidity sensor manufactured by Rotronic as part of the TRS-AWS instrumentation. Measurements are reported as 10 minute averages, from which daily and further, monthly, averages were computed. The sensor is mounted approximately 2 m above ground, at an elevation of 1143 m a.s.l., and at geographical coordinates N 7537422, E 651517 (SWEREF99 TM coordinate system).\r\n\r\n##### Dataset creators\r\nThe dataset builds on data that was over the years collected and managed by various members of TRS staff. The compilation of the various data sources listed here, to derive the current dataset, was made by Nina Kirchner and Jamie Barnett for the dataset [Monthly mean air temperatures from Tarfala Research Station, Kebnekaise Mountains, 1965\u200a\u2013\u200a2022](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/tarfala-kirchner-2023-monthly-temperature-1). Data for 2023 was appended by Nina Kirchner.\r\n\r\n##### Climatological summary\r\nThis dataset allows for the calculation of annual and seasonal averages, along with other climate trends. The following notable values are mentioned:\r\n- lowest annual average temperature: \u22125.9 \u00b0C (1966)\r\n- highest annual average temperature: \u22121.7 \u00b0C (2016)\r\n- lowest summer (June, July, August) average temperature: +3.3 \u00b0C (1975)\r\n- highest summer (June, July, August) average temperature: +8.7 \u00b0C (2002)\r\n- Mean July temperatures have been above +10 \u00b0C in the years 2003 (+11.7 \u00b0C), 2014 (+12.6 \u00b0C), 2018 (+12.8 \u00b0C) and 2021 (+10.2 \u00b0C). This is especially of interest as one of the definitions of \u201cArctic\u201d is that July average temperatures do not exceed 10 \u00b0C.\r\n\r\n##### Note\r\nIn July 1995, the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) installed a separate automatic weather station at Tarfala (station 178970, Tarfala A) as part of their national weather observation network. These data are available from the [SMHI open data resource](https:\/\/www.smhi.se\/data\/meteorologi\/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer\/#param=airtemperatureInstant,stations=core,stationid=178970).","category":"Atmosphere","subcategory":"Temperature","keywords":"Air temperature; Tarfala; Kebnekaise; Weather; Arctic; Alpine; Monthly data","scientist":"Tarfala Research Station staff","firstname":"Nina","lastname":"Kirchner","address":"Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm university\r\n\r\n","postalcode":"SE-106 91","city":"Stockholm","province":"","country":"Sweden","parameters":"Earth science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric temperature > Surface temperature > Air temperature","location":"Continent > Europe > Northern Europe > Scandinavia > Sweden","progress":"Completed","language":"English","project":"Tarfala Research Station programme","publisher":"Bolin Centre Database","version":"1","constrains":"","access":""}]